Measuring Goals and Objectives

 Apart from studying we in reality need to realise what is our Goal, we can only achieve what we want if we set our goal, and need  a clear vision what we really want. Medical Sector is growing in tremendous speed, and  the fact is where we want to see ourself after five years.

When you have something you want to accomplish, it is important to set both goals and objectives. Once you learn the difference between goals and objectives, you will realize that how important it is that you have both of them. Goals without objectives can never be accomplished while objectives without goals will never get you to where you want to be. The two concepts are separate but related and will help you to be who you want to be.

When you are giving a presentation to a potential or current employer, knowing the difference between goals and objectives can be crucial to the acceptance of your proposal. Here is an easy way to remember how they differ:

Goals – has the word “go” in it. Your goals should go forward in a specific direction. However, goals are more about everything you accomplish on your journey, rather than getting to that distant point. Goals will often go into undiscovered territory and you therefore can’t even know where the end will be.

Objectives – has the word “object” in it. Objects are concrete. They are something that you can hold in your hand. Because of this, your objectives can be clearly outlined with timelines, budgets, and personnel needs. Every area of each objective should be firm.

Measuring Goals and Objectives

Goals – unfortunately, there is no set way in which to measure the accomplishment of your goals. You may feel that you are closer, but since goals are de facto nebulous, you can never say for sure that you have definitively achieved them.

In short:

1. Goals and objectives are both tools for accomplishing what you want to achieve.

2. Goals are long term and objectives are usually accomplished in the short or medium term.

3. Goals are nebulous and you can’t definitively say you have accomplished one whereas the success of an objective can easily be measured.

4. Goals are hard to quantify or put in a timeline, but objectives should be given a timeline to be more effective

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When one know what to do and where to put yourself Goal will really be transparent
WE JUST NEED TO FOCUS..

Details on Telemedicine

we can defineTelemedicine  as the use of telecommunications to provide medical information and services. It may be as simple as two health professionals discussing a case over the telephone, or as sophisticated as using satellite technology to broadcast a consultation between providers at facilities in two countries, using video conferencing equipment or robotic technology.

Telemedicine generally refers to the use of ICT for the delivery of clinical care

 

 Telemedicine is practiced on the basis of two concepts:

real time  which can also be called as (synchronous) and

store-and-forward which is called as (asynchronous)

Real time telemedicine could be as simple as a telephone call or as complex as robotic surgery. It requires the presence of both parties at the same time and a communications link between them that allows a real-time interaction to take place. Video-conferencing equipment is one of the most common forms of technologies used in synchronous telemedicine.

There are also peripheral devices which can be attached to computers or the video-conferencing equipment which can aid in an interactive examination.

For instance, a tele-otoscope allows a remote physician to 'see' inside a patient's ear; a tele-stethoscope allows the consulting remote physician to hear the patient's heartbeat.

Store-and-forward telemedicine involves acquiring medical data (like medical images, biosignals etc) and then transmitting this data to a doctor or medical specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It does not require the presence of both parties at the same time.

Dermatology, radiology, and pathology are common specialties that are conducive to asynchronous telemedicine. A properly structured Medical Record preferably in electronic form should be a component of this transfer.

Teleradiology, the sending of x-rays, CT scans, or MRIs (store-and-forward images) is the most common application of telemedicine in use today. There are hundreds of medical centers, clinics, and individual physicians who use some form of teleradiology. Many radiologists are installing appropriate computer technology in their homes, so they can have images sent directly to them for diagnosis, instead of making an off-hours trip to a hospital or clinic.

Telemedicine is most beneficial for populations living in isolated communities and remote regions and is currently being applied in virtually all medical domains. Specialities that use telemedicine often use a "tele-" prefix; for example, telemedicine as applied by radiologists is called Teleradiology. Similarly telemedicine as applied by cardiologists is termed as telecardiology, etc.

Telemedicine is also useful as a communication tool between a general practitioner and a specialist available at a remote location

Telepathology is another common use of this technology. Images of pathology slides may be sent from one location to another for diagnostic consultation.

Dermatology is also a natural for store and forward technology (although practitioners are increasingly using interactive technology for dermatological exams). Digital images may be taken of skin conditions, and sent to a dermatologist for diagnosis.

The other widely used technology, two-way interactive television (IATV), is used when a 'face-to-face' consultation is necessary. The patient and sometimes their provider, or more commonly a nurse practitioner or telemedicine coordinator (or any combination of the three), are at the originating site. The specialist is at the referral site, most often at an urban medical center.

Video conferencing equipment at both locations allow a 'real-time' consultation to take place. The technology has decreased in price and complexity over the past five years, and many programs now use desktop video conferencing systems.

There are many configurations of an interactive consultation, but most typically it is from an urban-to-rural location. It means that the patient does not have to travel to an urban area to see a specialist, and in many cases, provides access to speciality care when none has been available previously.

Almost all specialities of medicine have been found to be conducive to this kind of consultation, including psychiatry, internal medicine, rehabilitation, cardiology, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology and neurology.

There are also many peripheral devices which can be attached to computers which can aid in an interactive examination.

For instance, an tele-otoscope

 allows a physician to 'see' inside a patient's ear;

a tele-stethoscope allows the consulting physician to hear the patient's heartbeat.

Teleradiology is the ability to send radiographic images (x-rays) from one location to another. For this process to be implemented, three essential components are required, an image sending station, a transmission network, and a receiving / image review station.

The most typical implementation are two computers connected via Internet. The computer at the receiving end will need to have a high-quality display screen that has been tested and cleared for clinical purposes. 

Sometimes the receiving computer will have a printer so that images can be printed for convenience

The teleradiology process begins at the image sending station. The radiographic image and a modem or other connection are required for this first step. The image is scanned and then sent via the network connection to the receiving computer.

Disaster in Asia

Disasters in Asia

1.  Between the years 1991 to 2000 Asia has accounted for 83 per cent of the population affected by disasters globally
2. . While the number of people affected in the rest of the world were 1,11,159, in Asia the number was 5,54,439.
3.  Within Asia, 24 per cent of deaths due to disasters occur in India, on account of its size, population and vulnerability.
4.  Floods and high winds account for 60 per cent of all disasters in India.

INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS
• Many parts of the Indian sub-continent are susceptible to different types of disasters owing to the unique topographic and climatic characteristics
.
• About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought.

• The 5,700 km long coastline of the India is vulnerable to tropical cyclones arising in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea

• The decade 1990-2000, has been one of very high disaster losses within the country.

• Losses in the Orissa Cyclone in 1999, and later, the Gujarat Earthquake in 2001 alone amount to several thousand crore of Rupees, while the total expenditure on relief and reconstruction in Gujarat alone has been to the tune of Rs 11,500 crore.

Man made disastersIndia has also been witnessing an increasing incidence of manmade disasters.

•  India faced one of the worst manmade disasters on 3rd December 1984 when Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurs.
•  The list of manmade disasters like train accidents, aircraft crashes, fire in high rise buildings, mine disasters, industrial and chemical disasters are ever increasing for various reasons.
•  While substantial progress has been made in other sectors of human development, there is need to do more towards mitigating the effect of disasters.

Basic functions To Be Performed by Laundry Department

Laundry service is responsible for providing an adequate, clean and constant supply of linen to all users. The main purpose of this department is to provide clean material to the patients and ensure that hygienic conditions are maintained in the process.

Functions :

1. Collecting soiled linen from various places.

2. Sorting the linen and processing them

3. Inspecting and repairing or replacing damaged materials.

4. Disinfection of contaminated linen prior to washing

5. Distributing clean linen to the respective user departments.

6. Maintaining different types of registers.

Activities to be performed:

·         Collection of the linen should be done on a daily basis.

·          Dirty linen is segregated as soiled linen, unsoiled linen in the ward by the ward boy

·         Don’t mix the soiled or infected linen with the non infected linen.

·         A separate register should be maintained by the nurse in-charge in which the details of the number and type of linen handed over to the laundry boy for washing and received after cleaning is maintained

·         Disinfectant such as 1 % sodium hypochlorite solution should be used for disinfection of linen. A solution should be made in 1:10 ratio and infected linen should be dipped for about half an hour in the solution.

·         The persons handling the soiled/stained linen should use appropriate personal protective equipment like gloves, aprons etc. while handling infected linens.

·         Use the detergents in appropriate amount and do not reuse dirty water for rinsing.

·         Sterilise the linen set for OT or labour room.

·         Sun-dry the washed & rinsed linen and clip the linen while drying so that linen doesn’t fall down on ground and then store the clean linens in a clean area.

·         Linens should be regularly inspected for damage by the in-charge nurse and, if any linen is damaged beyond repair then discard those ones.

If clean and sterile  linen is provided to patients ie their bed sheet, body linen, then the satisfaction rate of patients will be high, which will provide a bench mark for the hospital in the service part.

The Major Challenges in Telemedicine system

Even if Telemedicine has both Qualitative & Quantitative improvements to developing countries but there are major Challenges behind.... which needs to be uprooted

1. Poor data communication infrastructure.
2. Large Population catered by govt hospitals
3. System features are not scalable
4. Cost of system should be scalable.
5. System features shoul;d be measured.

Providing Health service is an important issue..Which should be easily available to all class, irrespective of caste, demographic location, religion etc.

Telemedicine- Defination,Benefits,Role

Telemedicine  uses technology to deliver health care, often over great distance with the possibility of cost savings particularly in remote and rural areas.
The defination of Telemedicine adopted by International Consultation Group by the  WHO in theGeneva in Dec 1997 says:
Telemedicine is the delivery of health care services where distance is a critical factor, by health care professionals using information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for diagnosis,treatment & prevention of disease & injuries & for continuing education of healthcare providers as well as research and evaluation, basically all in the interst of advancing the health of individual & their communities.

Benefits of Telemedicine:

• Health Education of people and population
• Employment oppurtunities for technicians, paramedics at a peripheral level
• Diffusion of medical knowledge
• Availability of normal health treatments, in distant areas to prevent disease.
• Improvement of health indicators used by WHO & National Govt structures
• Telemedicine could help some countries to cut healthy cost.
• A study carried out in U.S at the end of the last century has estimated that a figure of between 35 & 40 billion dollars could be saved by the health structure by using telecommunication and tele medicine technologies more efficiently. 

In a developing country like India Telemedicine can be offering both Qualitative & Quantitative benefits Rural areas inevitably have short of high level infrastructure.
The Geological distribution of existing hospitals and health services is far from ideal places, usually limited to urban areas at district level.
Tele communication  Network have the potential to provide a solution to provide a solution to many of the problems,
Health services must be provided close to the people who need them and an integrated cost effective approach is necessary.

Souces of NABH

what were the NABH sources:

• ISQUA
• Thai A.S
• JCI
• Joint commission on accreditation of health care qrganisation
• Australian accreditation standards.
• Malaysian accreditation standards.
• Egyptian accreditation standards.
• U.K Health care Quality standards.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Many of us know the defination of NABH  but very few of us know the source ie how different standards from different countries united together to form  NABH.
   

Before NABH Started: The Indian Scenario was very different

• No Accreditation body was available before NABH.
• Hospitals were implementing ISO 9000 Quality system
• ISO9000 is based on industrial quality scenario,Standards were not specific to hospital sector.

We are going through so many quality issues but basically what is this word Accreditation:

Its basically a public recognition of the achivements of Accreditation standdards by a healthcare organisation,demonstrated through an independent  external peer assessment of that organisation's level of performance in relation to the standards.

 
                                                                  

Benefits Of National Accreditation

National Accreditation:

•   NABL  -National Accreditation Board For Testing and Calibration Laboratories

• NABH- National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Health Care Providers.

1. Less Expensive
2. Lower Credibility
3. Serve broader range of Organisation
4. Standards appropriate to local conditions.